biomed final

controlled study

clinical trial in which the subjects are distributed into groups which are either subjected to the experimental procedure (as use of a drug) or which serve as controls

double blind study

an experimental procedure in which neither the subjects nor the experimenters know which subjects are in the test and control groups during the actual course of the experiments

single blind study

an experimental procedure in which the experimenters but not the subjects know the makeup of the test and control groups during the actual course of the experiments

SNP

variant DNA sequence in which the purine or pyrimidine base of a single nucleotide has been replaced by another such base (also called single nucleotide polymorphism) One base-pair variation in the genome sequence.

clinical trial

a scientifically controlled study of the safety and effectiveness of a therapeutic agent (as a drug or vaccine) using consenting human subjects

open study

clinical trial in which both the researchers and the patients know who receives the drug and who receives a placebo

pharmacogenetics

the study of the interrelation of hereditary constitution and response to drugs

placebo

an inert or innocuous substance used especially in controlled experiments testing the efficacy of another substance (as a drug)

Proto-oncogene

A gene with a potential to cause cancer but that requires some alteration to become an oncogene; A normal cellular gene corresponding to an oncogene

Oncogene

A gene having the potential to cause a normal cell to become cancerous.

Tumor Suppressor Gene

A gene whose protein products inhibit cell division, thereby preventing uncontrolled cell growth (cancer).

Bone Scan

A test that detects areas of increased or decreased bone metabolism; test is performed to identify abnormal processes involving the bone such as tumor, infection, or fracture.

Computed Tomography Scan (CT or CAT Scan)

A sectional 3-dimensional view of the body constructed by computed tomography.

Diagnostic Imaging

Technologies that doctors use to look inside your body for clues about a medical condition; includes X-rays, CT scans, nuclear medicine scans, MRI scans and ultrasound.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

A noninvasive diagnostic technique that produces computerized images of internal body tissues and is based on nuclear magnetic resonance of atoms within the body induced by the application of radio waves.

X-ray

To examine, treat, or photograph with X-rays.

Haplotype

A group of alleles of different genes on a single chromosome that are closely enough linked to be inherited usually as a unit. Possible SNP combinations and always come in pairs. Each person has a pair, one from their mother and one from their father. Single ones can be the same or different from each other.

TPMT gene

Provides instructions for making an enzyme called thiopurine S-methyltransferase

thiopurine S-methyltransferase enzyme

metabolizes, or breaks down, drugs

organ procurement

removes organs or tissues for reuse, typically for organ transplantation