Ethics Midterm

What’s the original focus for RDH?

focus on public good and play a primary role in disease prevention and oral health promo

What’s the code of ethics for?

self regulating and increases public trust

what makes dental hygiene a profession (6 characteristics)

specialized body of knowledge, intensive academic courses, set standards of practice, external recognition by society, code of ethics and organized associations

what does beneficence mean?

involves caring about and acting to promote the good of another

what’s autonomy?

pertains to the right to make ones own choices

what’s professional integrity?

relates to consistency of actions, values and methods, outcomes etc

What are the three models of the Practitioner/client relationship?

1. commercial model

2. guild model

   1. interactive model

What is the commercial model of professionalism?

practitioner is a commodity, describes a relationship in which dentistry is a commodity, buying and selling services

what’s the guild model of professionalism?

practitioner is an “all-knowing profession”; the patient has dental needs and the dentist provides care to client, patient is UNINFORMED.

what’s the interactive model of professionalism?

practitioner and patient have role of equal moral status; pt determines their needs and health care choices based on personal reasons but seeks care because of knowledge

What’s ethical theory?

a systematic examination of morals involving critical reflection and analysis about what is right and wrong

difference between morals and ethics?

morals form the foundation of the ethical principles

3 characteristics of morals

changeable over time, differ from region/country, cultures have different moral codes

3 characteristics of ethics

are unchanging, do not change with custom and principles are principles

What is moral?

relating to, dealing with, or capable of making the distinction between right and wrong. Having integrity, tolerant of others

What’s morality viewed as?

as justice and the universal principle of caring

what’s the male justice orientation?

saw moral development as sequential and dependent upon cognitive development

Who’s the male justice orientation theorists?

Piaget and Kohlberg

Who’s the female ethic of care theorist?

Gilligna

What’s the female ethic of care?

saw moral development occurring in the context of two moral orientations because men and women differ in their moral reasoning

The role of ethical theories is to lay the foundation for ___ _____ _____.

ethical decision making

a system of moral development or moral thinking is important because it provides a _____ __ _________ that will assist the individual to make morally appropriate responses to moral dilemmas

a frame of reference

the role of ethical theories is to lay the foundation for ______ _______ _______

ethical decision making

What are is the role of ethical theories ?

the role of ethical theories is to lay a foundation for ethical decision making

why is a system of moral reasoning important?

because it provides a frame of reference that will assist the individual to make morally appropriate responses to moral dilemmas

What are normative ethics?

a branch of ethics that is concerned with moral recommendations about which acts are right and which acts are wrong

What’s consequentialism?

reasoning approach occurs when the individual considers all the consequences or potential outcomes of an action BEFORE making a choice

Consequentialism is more concerned with _

the results of an action

What’s utilitarianism?

occurs when all potential outcomes are analyzed

un utilitarianism the course of action is determined by considering the _________

benefit to the public

What’s deontology?

when the individual DOES NOT consider all consequences or potential outcomes of an action before making a choice

What are Virtue ethics?

emphasizes the virtuous traits of character, rather than the rules or consequences as the key element in ethical thinking

what do virtue ethics place an emphasis on

characterizer traits of individuals

whats a virtue

a particular quality that is morally good; it is the quality of being morally good

Virtue is the basis of ______

morality

8 traits of a responsible rdh

1. honesty and integrity

2. caring and compassion

3. reliability and responsibility

4. maturity and self analysis

5. loyalty

6. interpersonal communication

7. respect for others

   1. respect for self

Virtue ethicists, Socrates, Plato and AriAristotlestoltle believed that……

individuals make most of their choices on the basis pf virtue and character

Virtue ethics emphasizes the ______________, rather than the rules or consequences as the key element in ethical thinking

virtuoso traits of character

characteristics necessary for ethical decision making by rdh and health care professionals

trustworthiness, respect, responsibility, fairness, caring and citizenship

3 categories of normative ethics

consequentalist/utilitariasm

deontonlogy

virtue

what’s nonmalificence?

do no harm

Application of the principle of double effect: a health care provider may not always be able to avoid _____

harm

beneficence also requires that existing harm be ______

removed

what’s equity?

farinesss in every situation

what’s justice?

being fair and equitable to members of the public, no matter what the diversity

what are ethical values?

the accepted principles or standard of an individual or group

_____ add clarity when mkaing ethical decisions and resolving conflicts

values

what’s Paternalism?

acts as a parent “makes decisions for the patient based on what the professional thinks is in the best interest of the patient

whats veracity?

being honest and telling the truth

8 steps to ethical dilemmas and the ethical decision making model

1. identify

2. gather

3. clarify

4. identify

5. assess

6. choose action

7. implementation

8. evaluate

what’s a breach?

the act of breaking an agreement, obligation or legal duty by failing to perform a promised or required act

what’s fraud?

deception and dishonesty

what’s a breach of confidentiality?

situation where confidentiality is jeopardized

in addition to being a professional relationship, the dental hygiene-patient relationship is also _____ binding

legally

Civil law seeks to compensate…

the victim

criminal law seeks to…..

punish the offender, arrange rehab, deterrence, denunciation, reparation, seperation from society

statue of limitations for civil law?

six months

statue of limitations for criminal law

unlimited

what’s the principle of civil law?

to provide all citizens with an accessible and written collection of the laws which apply to them and which judges must follow

what’s civil offence?

a wrongful act against a person that violates his/her person, privacy, or property or contractual rights

what’s the criminal law established for?

the purpose of preventing harm to society; describes what conduct is criminal and prescribes the punishment for criminal conduct a

a violation of a societal rule outlined by _______ law

statutory

what’s a criminal offence

a violation of criminal law, a blameworthy breach of a section of the criminal code, creating a crime

what are regulatory authorities (CHDO) there to protect?

public

what is contract law?

based on several latin legal principles, most important of which is consensus and idem, which means a meeting of the minds between parties

what’s tort law in canada?

commonly known as personal injury law; every person is expected to donut themselves without injuries

what’s the most important social rule of tort law?

compoensation

what’s intentional tort?

deliberate, purposeful act that has substantial ceertainity of unfavourable consequences as a result of the act

what’s unintentional tort?

no intent of wrong doing to cause harm

what’s unintentional tort of negligence ?

is an unintentional tort that involves the failure to act as a reasonable, prudent person under similar circumstances

what’s a statue of limitations

is a statutory provision that limits the peeriod of time within which an injured party can file a legal action

what’s PHIPA?

personal health information protection act (2004)

what does PHIPA define personal health info asa?

information relating to an individuals health and healthcare history